# Error Handling

Rust’s commitment to reliability extends to error handling. Errors are a fact
of life in software, so Rust has a number of features for handling situations
in which something goes wrong. In many cases, Rust requires you to acknowledge
the possibility of an error occurring and take some action before your code
will compile. This requirement makes your program more robust by ensuring that
you’ll discover errors and handle them appropriately before you’ve deployed
your code to production!

Rust groups errors into two major categories: *recoverable* and *unrecoverable*
errors. Recoverable errors are situations in which it’s reasonable to report
the problem to the user and retry the operation, like a file not found error.
Unrecoverable errors are always symptoms of bugs, like trying to access a
location beyond the end of an array.

Most languages don’t distinguish between these two kinds of errors and handle
both in the same way using mechanisms like exceptions. Rust doesn’t have
exceptions. Instead, it has the type `Result<T, E>` for recoverable errors and
the `panic!` macro that stops execution when it encounters unrecoverable
errors. This chapter covers calling `panic!` first and then talks about
returning `Result<T, E>` values. Additionally, we’ll explore considerations to
take into account when deciding whether to try to recover from an error or to
stop execution.
