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<refentry xml:id="function.imap-open" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
 <refnamediv>
  <refname>imap_open</refname>
  <refpurpose>Open an <acronym>IMAP</acronym> stream to a mailbox</refpurpose>
 </refnamediv>
 <refsect1 role="description">
  &reftitle.description;
  <methodsynopsis>
   <type class="union"><type>IMAP\Connection</type><type>false</type></type><methodname>imap_open</methodname>
   <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>mailbox</parameter></methodparam>
   <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>user</parameter></methodparam>
   <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>password</parameter></methodparam>
   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>flags</parameter><initializer>0</initializer></methodparam>
   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>retries</parameter><initializer>0</initializer></methodparam>
   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>array</type><parameter>options</parameter><initializer>[]</initializer></methodparam>
  </methodsynopsis>
  <para>
   Opens an <acronym>IMAP</acronym> stream to a <parameter>mailbox</parameter>.
  </para>
  <para>
   This function can also be used to open streams to <acronym>POP3</acronym> and
   <acronym>NNTP</acronym> servers, but some functions and features are only
   available on <acronym>IMAP</acronym> servers.
  </para>
 </refsect1>
 <refsect1 role="parameters">
  &reftitle.parameters;
  <para>
   <variablelist>
    <varlistentry>
     <term><parameter>mailbox</parameter></term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       A mailbox name consists of a server and a mailbox path on this server.
       The special name <literal>INBOX</literal> stands for the current users
       personal mailbox. Mailbox names that contain international characters
       besides those in the printable ASCII space have to be encoded with
       <function>imap_utf7_encode</function>.
      </para>
      &imap.mailboxname.insecure;
      <para>
       The server part, which is enclosed in '{' and '}', consists of the servers
       name or ip address, an optional port (prefixed by ':'), and an optional
       protocol specification (prefixed by '/'). 
      </para>
      <para>
       The server part is mandatory in all mailbox
       parameters. 
      </para>
      <para>
       All names which start with <literal>{</literal> are remote names, and are
       in the form <literal>"{" remote_system_name [":" port] [flags] "}"
       [mailbox_name]</literal> where:
       <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
         <simpara>
          <literal>remote_system_name</literal> - Internet domain name or
          bracketed IP address of server.
         </simpara>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
         <simpara>
          <literal>port</literal> - optional TCP port number, default is the
          default port for that service
         </simpara>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
         <simpara>
          <literal>flags</literal> - optional flags, see following table.
         </simpara>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
         <simpara>
          <literal>mailbox_name</literal> - remote mailbox name, default is INBOX
         </simpara>
        </listitem>
       </itemizedlist>
      </para>
      <para>
       <table>
        <title>Optional flags for names</title>
        <tgroup cols="2">
         <thead>
          <row>
           <entry>Flag</entry>
           <entry>Description</entry>
          </row>
         </thead>
         <tbody>
          <row>
           <entry><literal>/service=</literal><emphasis>service</emphasis></entry>
           <entry>mailbox access service, default is "imap"</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
           <entry><literal>/user=</literal><emphasis>user</emphasis></entry>
           <entry>remote user name for login on the server</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
           <entry><literal>/authuser=</literal><emphasis>user</emphasis></entry>
           <entry>remote authentication user; if specified this is the user name
            whose password is used (e.g. administrator)</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
           <entry><literal>/anonymous</literal></entry>
           <entry>remote access as anonymous user</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
           <entry><literal>/debug</literal></entry>
           <entry>record protocol telemetry in application's debug log</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
           <entry><literal>/secure</literal></entry>
           <entry>do not transmit a plaintext password over the network</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
           <entry><literal>/imap</literal>, <literal>/imap2</literal>,
            <literal>/imap2bis</literal>, <literal>/imap4</literal>,
            <literal>/imap4rev1</literal></entry>
           <entry>equivalent to <literal>/service=imap</literal></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
           <entry><literal>/pop3</literal></entry>
           <entry>equivalent to <literal>/service=pop3</literal></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
           <entry><literal>/nntp</literal></entry>
           <entry>equivalent to <literal>/service=nntp</literal></entry>
          </row>
          <row>
           <entry><literal>/norsh</literal></entry>
           <entry>do not use rsh or ssh to establish a preauthenticated IMAP
            session</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
           <entry><literal>/ssl</literal></entry>
           <entry>use the <literal>Secure Socket Layer</literal> to encrypt the session</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
           <entry><literal>/validate-cert</literal></entry>
           <entry>validate certificates from TLS/SSL server (this is the default
            behavior)</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
           <entry><literal>/novalidate-cert</literal></entry>
           <entry>do not validate certificates from TLS/SSL server, needed if
            server uses self-signed certificates</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
           <entry><literal>/tls</literal></entry>
           <entry>force use of <literal>start-TLS</literal> to encrypt the session, and reject
            connection to servers that do not support it</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
           <entry><literal>/notls</literal></entry>
           <entry>do not do <literal>start-TLS</literal> to encrypt the session, even with servers
            that support it</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
           <entry><literal>/readonly</literal></entry>
           <entry>request read-only mailbox open (IMAP only; ignored on NNTP, and
            an error with SMTP and POP3)</entry>
          </row>
         </tbody>
        </tgroup>
       </table>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
     <term><parameter>user</parameter></term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       The user name
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
     <term><parameter>password</parameter></term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       The password associated with the <parameter>user</parameter>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
     <term><parameter>flags</parameter></term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       The <parameter>flags</parameter> are a bit mask with one or more of
       the following:
       <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
         <simpara>
          <constant>OP_READONLY</constant> - Open mailbox read-only
         </simpara>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
         <simpara>
          <constant>OP_ANONYMOUS</constant> - Don't use or update a
          <filename>.newsrc</filename> for news (NNTP only)
         </simpara>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
         <simpara>
          <constant>OP_HALFOPEN</constant> - For <acronym>IMAP</acronym>
          and <acronym>NNTP</acronym> names, open a connection but
          don't open a mailbox.
         </simpara>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
         <simpara>
          <constant>CL_EXPUNGE</constant> - Expunge mailbox automatically upon mailbox close
          (see also <function>imap_delete</function> and
          <function>imap_expunge</function>)
         </simpara>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
         <simpara>
          <constant>OP_DEBUG</constant> - Debug protocol negotiations
         </simpara>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
         <simpara>
          <constant>OP_SHORTCACHE</constant> - Short (<literal>elt</literal>-only) caching
         </simpara>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
         <simpara>
          <constant>OP_SILENT</constant> - Don't pass up events (internal use)
         </simpara>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
         <simpara>
          <constant>OP_PROTOTYPE</constant> - Return driver prototype
         </simpara>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
         <simpara>
          <constant>OP_SECURE</constant> - Don't do non-secure authentication
         </simpara>
        </listitem>
       </itemizedlist>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
     <term><parameter>retries</parameter></term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       Number of maximum connect attempts
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
     <term><parameter>options</parameter></term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       Connection parameters, the following (string) keys maybe used 
       to set one or more connection parameters:
       <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
         <simpara>
          <literal>DISABLE_AUTHENTICATOR</literal> - Disable authentication properties
         </simpara>
        </listitem>
       </itemizedlist>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
   </variablelist>
  </para>
 </refsect1>
 <refsect1 role="returnvalues">
  &reftitle.returnvalues;
  <para>
   Returns an <classname>IMAP\Connection</classname> instance on success,&return.falseforfailure;.
  </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1 role="changelog">
  &reftitle.changelog;
  <informaltable>
   <tgroup cols="2">
    <thead>
     <row>
      <entry>&Version;</entry>
      <entry>&Description;</entry>
     </row>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
     <row>
      <entry>8.1.0</entry>
      <entry>
       Returns an <classname>IMAP\Connection</classname> instance now;
       previously, a &resource; was returned.
      </entry>
     </row>
    </tbody>
   </tgroup>
  </informaltable>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1 role="examples">
  &reftitle.examples;
  <para>
   <example>
    <title>Different use of <function>imap_open</function></title>
    <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
// To connect to an IMAP server running on port 143 on the local machine,
// do the following:
$mbox = imap_open("{localhost:143}INBOX", "user_id", "password");

// To connect to a POP3 server on port 110 on the local server, use:
$mbox = imap_open ("{localhost:110/pop3}INBOX", "user_id", "password");

// To connect to an SSL IMAP or POP3 server, add /ssl after the protocol
// specification:
$mbox = imap_open ("{localhost:993/imap/ssl}INBOX", "user_id", "password");

// To connect to an SSL IMAP or POP3 server with a self-signed certificate,
// add /ssl/novalidate-cert after the protocol specification:
$mbox = imap_open ("{localhost:995/pop3/ssl/novalidate-cert}", "user_id", "password");

// To connect to an NNTP server on port 119 on the local server, use:
$nntp = imap_open ("{localhost:119/nntp}comp.test", "", "");
// To connect to a remote server replace "localhost" with the name or the
// IP address of the server you want to connect to.
?>
]]>
    </programlisting>
   </example>
   <example>
    <title><function>imap_open</function> example</title>
    <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$mbox = imap_open("{imap.example.org:143}", "username", "password");

echo "<h1>Mailboxes</h1>\n";
$folders = imap_listmailbox($mbox, "{imap.example.org:143}", "*");

if ($folders == false) {
    echo "Call failed<br />\n";
} else {
    foreach ($folders as $val) {
        echo $val . "<br />\n";
    }
}

echo "<h1>Headers in INBOX</h1>\n";
$headers = imap_headers($mbox);

if ($headers == false) {
    echo "Call failed<br />\n";
} else {
    foreach ($headers as $val) {
        echo $val . "<br />\n";
    }
}

imap_close($mbox);
?>
]]>
    </programlisting>
   </example>
  </para>
 </refsect1>
 <refsect1 role="seealso">
  &reftitle.seealso;
  <para>
   <simplelist>
    <member><function>imap_close</function></member>
   </simplelist>
  </para>
 </refsect1>
</refentry>
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