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<refentry xml:id="function.eval" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
 <refnamediv>
  <refname>eval</refname>
  <refpurpose>Evaluate a string as PHP code</refpurpose>
 </refnamediv>
 
 <refsect1 role="description">
  &reftitle.description;
  <methodsynopsis>
   <type>mixed</type><methodname>eval</methodname>
   <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>code</parameter></methodparam>
  </methodsynopsis>
  <para>
   Evaluates the given <parameter>code</parameter> as PHP.
  </para>
  <para>
   The code being evaluated inherits the
   <link linkend="language.variables.scope">variable scope</link>
   of the line on which the <function>eval</function> call occurs.
   Any variables available at that line will be available for reading and
   modification in the evaluated code.
   However, all functions and classes defined will be defined in the global namespace.
   In other words, the compiler considers the evaluated code as if it were a
   separate <link linkend="function.include">included</link> file.
  </para>
  <caution>
   <para>
    The <function>eval</function> language construct is <emphasis>very dangerous</emphasis>
    because it allows execution of arbitrary PHP code. <emphasis>Its use thus is
    discouraged.</emphasis> If you have carefully verified that there is no other option
    than to use this construct, pay special attention <emphasis>not to pass any user
    provided data</emphasis> into it without properly validating it beforehand.
   </para>
  </caution>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1 role="parameters">
  &reftitle.parameters;
  <para>
   <variablelist>
    <varlistentry>
     <term><parameter>code</parameter></term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       Valid PHP code to be evaluated.
      </para>
      <para>
       The code must not be wrapped in opening and closing
       <link linkend="language.basic-syntax.phpmode">PHP tags</link>, i.e.
       <literal>'echo "Hi!";'</literal> must be passed instead of
       <literal>'&lt;?php echo "Hi!"; ?&gt;'</literal>. It is still possible to leave and
       re-enter PHP mode though using the appropriate PHP tags, e.g.
       <literal>'echo "In PHP mode!"; ?&gt;In HTML mode!&lt;?php echo "Back in PHP mode!";'</literal>.
      </para>
      <para>
       Apart from that the passed code must be valid PHP. This includes that all statements
       must be properly terminated using a semicolon.
       <literal>'echo "Hi!"'</literal> for example will cause a parse error, whereas
       <literal>'echo "Hi!";'</literal> will work.
      </para>
      <para>
       A <literal>return</literal> statement will immediately terminate the
       evaluation of the code. 
      </para>
      <para>
       The code will be executed in the scope of the code calling <function>eval</function>. Thus any
       variables defined or changed in the <function>eval</function> call will remain visible after
       it terminates.
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
   </variablelist>
  </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1 role="returnvalues">
  &reftitle.returnvalues;
  <para>
   <function>eval</function> returns &null; unless 
   <literal>return</literal> is called in the evaluated code, in which case
   the value passed to <literal>return</literal> is returned. As of PHP 7, if there is a
   parse error in the evaluated code, <function>eval</function> throws a ParseError exception.
   Before PHP 7, in this case <function>eval</function> returned
   &false; and execution of the following code continued normally. It is
   not possible to catch a parse error in <function>eval</function>
   using <function>set_error_handler</function>.
  </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1 role="examples">
  &reftitle.examples;
  <para>
   <example>
    <title><function>eval</function> example - simple text merge</title>
    <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$string = 'cup';
$name = 'coffee';
$str = 'This is a $string with my $name in it.';
echo $str. "\n";
eval("\$str = \"$str\";");
echo $str. "\n";
?>
]]>
    </programlisting>
    &example.outputs;
    <screen>
<![CDATA[
This is a $string with my $name in it.
This is a cup with my coffee in it.
]]>
    </screen>
   </example>
  </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1 role="notes">
  &reftitle.notes;

  &note.language-construct;

  &tip.ob-capture;
  <note>
   <para>
    In case of a fatal error in the evaluated code, the whole script exits.
   </para>
  </note>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1 role="seealso">
  &reftitle.seealso;
  <para>
   <simplelist>
    <member><function>call_user_func</function></member>
   </simplelist>
  </para>
 </refsect1>
</refentry>

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