%% This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
%% License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
%% file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
%%
%% Copyright (c) 2007-2021 VMware, Inc. or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
%%

-module(rabbit_exchange_type_consistent_hash).
-include_lib("rabbit_common/include/rabbit.hrl").
-include_lib("rabbit_common/include/rabbit_framing.hrl").

-include("rabbitmq_consistent_hash_exchange.hrl").

-behaviour(rabbit_exchange_type).

-export([description/0, serialise_events/0, route/2]).
-export([validate/1, validate_binding/2,
         create/2, delete/3, policy_changed/2,
         add_binding/3, remove_bindings/3, assert_args_equivalence/2]).
-export([init/0]).
-export([info/1, info/2]).
-export([ring_state/2]).

-rabbit_boot_step(
   {rabbit_exchange_type_consistent_hash_registry,
    [{description, "exchange type x-consistent-hash: registry"},
     {mfa,         {rabbit_registry, register,
                    [exchange, <<"x-consistent-hash">>, ?MODULE]}},
     {requires,    rabbit_registry},
     {enables,     kernel_ready},
     {cleanup,     {rabbit_registry, unregister,
                    [exchange, <<"x-consistent-hash">>]}}]}).

-rabbit_boot_step(
   {rabbit_exchange_type_consistent_hash_mnesia,
    [{description, "exchange type x-consistent-hash: shared state"},
     {mfa,         {?MODULE, init, []}},
     {requires,    database},
     {enables,     external_infrastructure}]}).

%% This data model allows for efficient routing and exchange deletion
%% but less efficient (linear) binding management.

-define(HASH_RING_STATE_TABLE, rabbit_exchange_type_consistent_hash_ring_state).

-define(PROPERTIES, [<<"correlation_id">>, <<"message_id">>, <<"timestamp">>]).

%% OTP 19.3 does not support exs1024s
-define(SEED_ALGORITHM, exs1024).

init() ->
    mnesia:create_table(?HASH_RING_STATE_TABLE, [{record_name, chx_hash_ring},
                                                 {attributes, record_info(fields, chx_hash_ring)},
                                                 {type, ordered_set}]),
    mnesia:add_table_copy(?HASH_RING_STATE_TABLE, node(), ram_copies),
    rabbit_table:wait([?HASH_RING_STATE_TABLE]),
    _ = recover(),
    ok.

info(_X) -> [].
info(_X, _) -> [].

description() ->
    [{description, <<"Consistent Hashing Exchange">>}].

serialise_events() -> false.

route(#exchange {name      = Name,
                 arguments = Args},
      #delivery {message = Msg}) ->
    case ets:lookup(?HASH_RING_STATE_TABLE, Name) of
        []  ->
            [];
        [#chx_hash_ring{bucket_map = BM}] ->
            case maps:size(BM) of
                0 -> [];
                N ->
                    K              = value_to_hash(hash_on(Args), Msg),
                    SelectedBucket = jump_consistent_hash(K, N),

                    case maps:get(SelectedBucket, BM, undefined) of
                        undefined ->
                            rabbit_log:warning("Bucket ~p not found", [SelectedBucket]),
                            [];
                        Queue     -> [Queue]
                    end
            end
    end.

validate(#exchange{arguments = Args}) ->
    case hash_args(Args) of
        {undefined, undefined} ->
            ok;
        {undefined, {_Type, Value}} ->
            case lists:member(Value, ?PROPERTIES) of
                true  -> ok;
                false ->
                    rabbit_misc:protocol_error(precondition_failed,
                                               "Unsupported property: ~s",
                                               [Value])
            end;
        {_, undefined} ->
            ok;
        {_, _} ->
            rabbit_misc:protocol_error(precondition_failed,
                                       "hash-header and hash-property are mutually exclusive",
                                       [])
    end.

validate_binding(_X, #binding { key = K }) ->
    try
        V = list_to_integer(binary_to_list(K)),
        case V < 1 of
            true -> {error, {binding_invalid, "The binding key must be greater than 0", []}};
            false -> ok
        end
    catch error:badarg ->
            {error, {binding_invalid, "The binding key must be an integer: ~p", [K]}}
    end.

maybe_initialise_hash_ring_state(transaction, #exchange{name = Name}) ->
    maybe_initialise_hash_ring_state(transaction, Name);
maybe_initialise_hash_ring_state(transaction, X = #resource{}) ->
    case mnesia:read(?HASH_RING_STATE_TABLE, X) of
        [_] -> ok;
        []  ->
            rabbit_log:debug("Consistent hashing exchange: will initialise hashing ring schema database record"),
            mnesia:write_lock_table(?HASH_RING_STATE_TABLE),
            ok = mnesia:write(?HASH_RING_STATE_TABLE, #chx_hash_ring{
                                                         exchange = X,
                                                         next_bucket_number = 0,
                                                         bucket_map = #{}}, write)
    end;

maybe_initialise_hash_ring_state(_, X) ->
    rabbit_misc:execute_mnesia_transaction(
      fun() -> maybe_initialise_hash_ring_state(transaction, X) end).

recover() ->
    %% topology recovery has already happened, we have to recover state for any durable
    %% consistent hash exchanges since plugin activation was moved later in boot process
    %% starting with RabbitMQ 3.8.4
    case list_exchanges() of
        {ok, Xs} ->
            rabbit_log:debug("Consistent hashing exchange: have ~b durable exchanges to recover", [length(Xs)]),
            [recover_exchange_and_bindings(X) || X <- lists:usort(Xs)];
        {aborted, Reason} ->
            rabbit_log:error(
                "Consistent hashing exchange: failed to recover durable exchange ring state, reason: ~p",
                [Reason])
    end.

list_exchanges() ->
    case mnesia:transaction(
        fun () ->
            mnesia:match_object(rabbit_exchange,
                #exchange{durable = true, type = 'x-consistent-hash', _ = '_'}, write)
        end) of
        {atomic, Xs} ->
            {ok, Xs};
        {aborted, Reason} ->
            {aborted, Reason}
    end.

recover_exchange_and_bindings(#exchange{name = XName} = X) ->
    mnesia:transaction(
        fun () ->
            rabbit_log:debug("Consistent hashing exchange: will recover exchange ~s", [rabbit_misc:rs(XName)]),
            create(transaction, X),
            rabbit_log:debug("Consistent hashing exchange: recovered exchange ~s", [rabbit_misc:rs(XName)]),
            Bindings = rabbit_binding:list_for_source(XName),
            rabbit_log:debug("Consistent hashing exchange: have ~b bindings to recover for exchange ~s",
                             [length(Bindings), rabbit_misc:rs(XName)]),
            [add_binding(transaction, X, B) || B <- lists:usort(Bindings)],
            rabbit_log:debug("Consistent hashing exchange: recovered bindings for exchange ~s",
                             [rabbit_misc:rs(XName)])
    end).

create(transaction, X) ->
    maybe_initialise_hash_ring_state(transaction, X);
create(Tx, X) ->
      maybe_initialise_hash_ring_state(Tx, X).

delete(transaction, #exchange{name = Name}, _Bs) ->
    mnesia:write_lock_table(?HASH_RING_STATE_TABLE),

    ok = mnesia:delete({?HASH_RING_STATE_TABLE, Name});
delete(_Tx, _X, _Bs) ->
    ok.

policy_changed(_X1, _X2) -> ok.

add_binding(transaction, X,
            B = #binding{source = S, destination = D, key = K}) ->
    Weight = rabbit_data_coercion:to_integer(K),

    case mnesia:read(?HASH_RING_STATE_TABLE, S) of
        [State0 = #chx_hash_ring{bucket_map = BM0,
                                 next_bucket_number = NexN0}] ->
            case map_has_value(BM0, D) of
                true ->
                    rabbit_log:debug("Consistent hashing exchange: NOT adding binding from "
                                     "exchange ~s to destination ~s with routing key '~s' "
                                     "because this binding (possibly with a different "
                                     "routing key) already exists",
                                     [rabbit_misc:rs(S), rabbit_misc:rs(D), K]);
                false ->
                    rabbit_log:debug("Consistent hashing exchange: adding binding from "
                                     "exchange ~s to destination ~s with routing key '~s'",
                                     [rabbit_misc:rs(S), rabbit_misc:rs(D), K]),
                    NextN    = NexN0 + Weight,
                    %% hi/lo bucket counters are 0-based but weight is 1-based
                    Range   = lists:seq(NexN0, (NextN - 1)),
                    BM      = lists:foldl(fun(Key, Acc) ->
                                                  maps:put(Key, D, Acc)
                                          end, BM0, Range),
                    State   = State0#chx_hash_ring{bucket_map = BM,
                                                   next_bucket_number = NextN},

                    ok = mnesia:write(?HASH_RING_STATE_TABLE, State, write),
                    ok
            end;
        [] ->
            maybe_initialise_hash_ring_state(transaction, S),
            add_binding(transaction, X, B)
    end;
add_binding(none, _X, _B) ->
    ok.

remove_bindings(transaction, _X, Bindings) ->
    [remove_binding(B) || B <- Bindings],

    ok;
remove_bindings(none, X, Bindings) ->
    rabbit_misc:execute_mnesia_transaction(
     fun() -> remove_bindings(transaction, X, Bindings) end),
    ok.

-spec remove_binding(#binding{}) -> ok.
remove_binding(#binding{source = S, destination = D, key = RK}) ->
    rabbit_log:debug("Consistent hashing exchange: removing binding "
                     "from exchange ~s to destination ~s with routing key '~s'",
                     [rabbit_misc:rs(S), rabbit_misc:rs(D), RK]),

    case mnesia:read(?HASH_RING_STATE_TABLE, S) of
        [State0 = #chx_hash_ring{bucket_map = BM0,
                                 next_bucket_number = NexN0}] ->
            %% Buckets with lower numbers stay as is; buckets that
            %% belong to this binding are removed; buckets with
            %% greater numbers are updated (their numbers are adjusted downwards)
            BucketsOfThisBinding = maps:filter(fun (_K, V) -> V =:= D end, BM0),
            case maps:size(BucketsOfThisBinding) of
                0             -> ok;
                N when N >= 1 ->
                    KeysOfThisBinding  = lists:usort(maps:keys(BucketsOfThisBinding)),
                    LastBucket         = lists:last(KeysOfThisBinding),
                    FirstBucket        = hd(KeysOfThisBinding),
                    BucketsDownTheRing = maps:filter(fun (K, _) -> K > LastBucket end, BM0),
                    UnchangedBuckets   = maps:filter(fun (K, _) -> K < FirstBucket end, BM0),

                    %% final state with "down the ring" buckets updated
                    NewBucketsDownTheRing = maps:fold(
                                              fun(K0, V, Acc)  ->
                                                      maps:put(K0 - N, V, Acc)
                                              end, #{}, BucketsDownTheRing),
                    BM1 = maps:merge(UnchangedBuckets, NewBucketsDownTheRing),
                    NextN = NexN0 - N,
                    State = State0#chx_hash_ring{bucket_map = BM1,
                                                 next_bucket_number = NextN},

                    ok = mnesia:write(?HASH_RING_STATE_TABLE, State, write)
            end;
        [] ->
            rabbit_log:warning("Can't remove binding: hash ring state for exchange ~s wasn't found",
                               [rabbit_misc:rs(S)]),
            ok
    end.

-spec ring_state(vhost:name(), rabbit_misc:resource_name()) ->
    {ok, #chx_hash_ring{}} | {error, not_found}.
ring_state(VirtualHost, Exchange) ->
    Resource = rabbit_misc:r(VirtualHost, exchange, Exchange),
    case mnesia:dirty_read(?HASH_RING_STATE_TABLE, Resource) of
        []    -> {error, not_found};
        [Row] -> {ok, Row}
    end.

assert_args_equivalence(X, Args) ->
    rabbit_exchange:assert_args_equivalence(X, Args).

%%
%% Jump-consistent hashing.
%%

jump_consistent_hash(_Key, 1) ->
    0;
jump_consistent_hash(KeyList, NumberOfBuckets) when is_list(KeyList) ->
    jump_consistent_hash(hd(KeyList), NumberOfBuckets);
jump_consistent_hash(Key, NumberOfBuckets) when is_integer(Key) ->
    SeedState = rand:seed_s(?SEED_ALGORITHM, {Key, Key, Key}),
    jump_consistent_hash_value(-1, 0, NumberOfBuckets, SeedState);
jump_consistent_hash(Key, NumberOfBuckets) ->
    jump_consistent_hash(erlang:phash2(Key), NumberOfBuckets).

jump_consistent_hash_value(B, J, NumberOfBuckets, _SeedState) when J >= NumberOfBuckets ->
    B;

jump_consistent_hash_value(_B0, J0, NumberOfBuckets, SeedState0) ->
    B = J0,
    {R, SeedState} = rand:uniform_s(SeedState0),
    J = trunc((B + 1) / R),
    jump_consistent_hash_value(B, J, NumberOfBuckets, SeedState).

value_to_hash(undefined, #basic_message { routing_keys = Routes }) ->
    Routes;
value_to_hash({header, Header}, #basic_message { content = Content }) ->
    Headers = rabbit_basic:extract_headers(Content),
    case Headers of
        undefined -> undefined;
        _         -> rabbit_misc:table_lookup(Headers, Header)
    end;
value_to_hash({property, Property}, #basic_message { content = Content }) ->
    #content{properties = #'P_basic'{ correlation_id = CorrId,
                                      message_id     = MsgId,
                                      timestamp      = Timestamp }} =
        rabbit_binary_parser:ensure_content_decoded(Content),
    case Property of
        <<"correlation_id">> -> CorrId;
        <<"message_id">>     -> MsgId;
        <<"timestamp">>      ->
            case Timestamp of
                undefined -> undefined;
                _         -> integer_to_binary(Timestamp)
            end
    end.

hash_args(Args) ->
    Header =
        case rabbit_misc:table_lookup(Args, <<"hash-header">>) of
            undefined     -> undefined;
            {longstr, V1} -> {header, V1}
        end,
    Property =
        case rabbit_misc:table_lookup(Args, <<"hash-property">>) of
            undefined     -> undefined;
            {longstr, V2} -> {property, V2}
        end,
    {Header, Property}.

hash_on(Args) ->
    case hash_args(Args) of
        {undefined, undefined} -> undefined;
        {Header, undefined}    -> Header;
        {undefined, Property}  -> Property
    end.

-spec map_has_value(#{bucket() => rabbit_types:binding_destination()},
                    rabbit_types:binding_destination()) ->
    boolean().
map_has_value(Map, Val) ->
    I = maps:iterator(Map),
    map_has_value0(maps:next(I), Val).

-spec map_has_value0(none | {bucket(),
                             rabbit_types:binding_destination(),
                             maps:iterator()},
                     rabbit_types:binding_destination()) ->
    boolean().
map_has_value0(none, _Val) ->
    false;
map_has_value0({_Bucket, SameVal, _I}, SameVal) ->
    true;
map_has_value0({_Bucket, _OtherVal, I}, Val) ->
    map_has_value0(maps:next(I), Val).
